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September 9, 2025
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EU mulls steps to prevent bypassing of CBAM

The European Commission plans to propose measures by the end of the year to prevent exporters to the European Union from avoiding the bloc’s carbon border tax.

Brussels fears exporters from third countries could ship low-emission goods to the EU, while selling high-carbon products in other markets, without reducing their overall emissions, Reuters reported.

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), set to come into force on January 1, 2026, will impose fees on the CO2 emissions of goods imported to the EU from countries without a carbon pricing scheme. The tax will cover cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen.

The carbon border tax is expected to severely affect the EU’s neighbors, including the Western Balkan countries.

CBAM could be extended to other products

The European Commission is concerned that CBAM could be bypassed if foreign firms redirect their low-carbon products to Europe while still producing high-carbon goods for export to other markets. This way, they would avoid the EU’s carbon border tax without actually reducing their overall emissions.

To address the problem, the EU executive intends to propose extending CBAM to other products, a European Commission spokesperson has said, according to Reuters.

Imported goods could be given a fixed emissions value per country or per company

The Commission is also considering a system under which goods are given a fixed CO2 emissions value per country or per company rather than calculating specific emissions per shipment, Reuters reported, quoting an unnamed senior EU official.

According to the news agency, the official also hinted that Chinese exporters could potentially attempt to circumvent CBAM in this way.

Exporters from these countries are struggling to adjust to the new system, especially in the electricity sector, and have requested a postponement of CBAM.

However, the administration in Brussels is not willing to consider delaying its implementation date.

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September 9, 2025
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New generation of sodium-ion batteries developed in Estonia

A new generation of sodium-ion batteries, developed and manufactured in Estonia, offers a safer, more sustainable, and more affordable alternative to lithium-based energy storage systems. The newly developed batteries are modular and scalable, allowing them to meet the needs of a wide range of users — from homeowners and farmers to commercial and industrial operators.

Estonian company Freen OÜ has introduced a new generation of sodium-ion battery systems. Sodium-ion batteries are presented as an alternative to lithium-based systems. Unlike lithium, sodium is one of the most abundant and widely distributed resources on Earth.

In addition to the high cost of lithium, its mining and extraction from salt flats cause significant environmental damage and deplete water reserves. In contrast, sodium can be obtained more sustainably — most commonly through the electrolysis of common salt.

Unlike lithium batteries, which are prone to overheating, Freen OÜ’s technology ensures thermal stability for sodium-ion batteries, virtually eliminating the risk of fire or explosion. The company also highlights that, unlike lithium-based systems, Freen batteries are not subject to international transportation restrictions and are cobalt-free, making them a more environmentally friendly and geopolitically secure solution.

In addition to chemical safety, Freen emphasizes the practicality of its systems. The batteries feature integrated wheels for easy handling, and their plug-and-play installation makes setup fast and straightforward.

Freen battery systems have a wide range of applications

Their modular design makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including energy-demanding households, remote farms, telecom infrastructure, commercial facilities, EV charging stations, the oil and gas sector, and public institutions such as schools and hospitals.

“The launch of sodium-ion batteries represents a major innovation in our portfolio, following the successful development of small wind turbines. These batteries stand out for their safety, versatility, and competitive pricing — and we are ready to collaborate with partners across all sectors to accelerate the energy transition”, said Andrey Khimenkov, CEO of Freen OÜ.

Freen has developed Freen-BSH, a high-voltage system capable of storing 10.08 kWh per module, and Freen-BSL, a low-voltage system with a capacity of 7.5 kWh per module.

Freen batteries can be recharged more than 5,000 times

Both systems support over 5,000 charging cycles, offering long service life, low maintenance, and high operational safety, even under extreme weather conditions.

“Whether used for energy independence, peak shaving, or as part of a hybrid renewable energy system, Freen’s solutions deliver efficiency and reliability across a variety of scenarios,” the company noted in its statement.

Freen also highlights the potential of its batteries in the Western Balkans, where several major initiatives are driving investments in renewable energy and energy storage.

Kosovo* recently announced a EUR 1.2 billion auction for renewables and storage — one of the largest in the region. In parallel, the European Union continues to fund the green transition through instruments such as the Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF) and the EU Growth Plan, providing grants and technical support for projects focused on renewable energy, storage, and grid flexibility.

These initiatives create opportunities for innovative solutions, such as Freen’s sodium-ion batteries, to become an integral part of the region’s evolving energy landscape.

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* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
September 8, 2025
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EDF, Westinghouse complete technical feasibility studies for Krško 2 nuclear power plant

Three reactor projects offered by EDF and Westinghouse have been assessed as technically feasible for the site of the future Krško 2 nuclear power plant, according to technical feasibility studies presented by GEN Energija during the announcement of its 2024 results. GEN Group ended last year with a EUR 186 million profit, down 9% from 2023, when it posted a profit of EUR 204.5 million.

GEN Energija, the parent company of GEN Group, noted that the Krško 2 (JEK2) project is going ahead according to the previously confirmed timeline. In October 2024, Slovenia canceled a referendum on building the second nuclear unit.

In January, it was announced that Westinghouse Electric and EDF would conduct technical feasibility studies for the deployment of their reactor models.

In July, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Spatial Planning initiated the preparation of a spatial plan for the second unit of nuclear power plant Krško and invited the public to submit comments.

GEN Energija has now presented the results of the technical feasibility studies. The reactor projects – EDF’s EPR or EPR1200 and Westinghouse’s AP1000 – were found to be technically feasible for the JEK 2 site.

Planinc: Both technologies include cooling by a natural draft cooling tower

According to Vinko Planinc, head of GEN Energija’s New Nuclear Build Division, the studies confirm that the project enables safe and efficient installation within the existing environment, taking into account flood and earthquake protection requirements.

The expected operational lifespan of both proposed reactors is 60 years, but it could be extended to 80 years if conditions are met, he added.

The location will also allow for the appropriate storage of used nuclear fuel, as well as low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste. Both technologies, he said, use natural draft cooling towers – the most environmentally friendly solution, minimizing the impact on the Sava River and creating the smallest carbon footprint.

The estimated investment from the studies matches the amount in GEN Energija’s study presented in 2024, which projected that JEK 2 would cost at least EUR 9.3 billion for 1,000 MW.

The financing method significantly affects the project’s viability

Regarding an analysis of the JEK2 investment by NGO Mladi za Podnebno Pravičnost (Youth for Climate Justice), Jan Lokar, lead engineer at GEN Energija, said the company estimates the minimum electricity price needed for the project’s economic feasibility at EUR 70.2 per MWh, compared to the NGO’s estimate of EUR 107.

The differences arise primarily from varying assumptions about capital costs, he stressed. GEN Energija expects state support in financing, while the NGO estimate assumes private capital investment.

Paravan: 2024 results exceed planned targets

Photo: GEN Energija

GEN Energija CEO Dejan Paravan presented GEN Group’s business results for 2024. The group had revenues of EUR 2.2 billion, a net profit of EUR 186 million, and added value per employee of EUR 276,000, all exceeding the annual financial targets, he added.

“All our production units operated safely and without major interruptions, reflecting years of investment in knowledge, technology, and maintenance. The important role of GEN Group in Slovenia’s energy supply is confirmed by the fact that in 2024, we reliably supplied Slovenian consumers exclusively with low-carbon electricity at affordable and predictable prices,” Paravan noted.

Alongside the JEK2 project studies, the company said, a small modular reactor (SMR) study is underway, aiming to identify possible locations for this type of reactor in Slovenia.

Photo: GEN Energija
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September 8, 2025
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Wind installations in Greece remain low this year as new applications drop

WindEurope expects Greece to add 300 MW of wind capacity in 2025, after installing 152 MW during the first half of the year.

This is an improvement on the mere 108 MW added in 2024, but still far below previous years. For example, in 2023, the country added 544 MW of new wind farms.

According to the European wind industry association’s latest report, Greece is expected to install more wind farms from now on, with 490 MW in 2026 and 350-450 MW each year until 2030.

Cumulative installed capacity currently stands at 5,506 MW

Cumulative installed capacity currently stands at 5,506 MW and is projected to reach 7,480 MW by the end of this decade. This is not enough to meet the National Energy and Climate Plan’s (NECP) goal, which calls for 8,900 MW.

At the same time, WindEurope expects zero offshore installations, as efforts to develop this sector have been delayed despite a national goal of 1.9 GW by the beginning of the next decade.

The report also highlights that applications for new wind farms dropped 65% this year, from 618 MW to just 214 MW.

Support measures still absent

The Greek government has identified wind energy development as a priority from now on. Currently, the energy mix is dominated by photovoltaics, leading to high curtailments and an anomalous production curve.

The idea is to promote wind investments through regulatory changes, such as a higher priority in the connection queue. Furthermore, Greece must fully apply the European directive for a simpler licensing process. The European Commission recently announced that Greece would face referral to the European Court if it delays any further.

Recently, there have been cases of companies leaving the Greek market, which has raised concerns regarding investment profitability.

Therefore, there is much to be done for the sector in the coming months and years to reverse the course and increase installations.

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September 5, 2025
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Montenegro’s power utility seeks contractor for two battery storage systems

Montenegro’s state-owned power utility, Elektroprivreda Crne Gore, has launched a tender for the procurement and installation of two battery energy storage systems with a total capacity of 60 MW/240 MWh.

Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG) is seeking a partner for the design, supply, installation, testing, and commissioning of two battery energy storage systems (BESS), each with a capacity of 30 MW and 120 MWh, with an output voltage of 35 kV.

The estimated value of the procurement is EUR 48 million excluding VAT, according to the public call.

The EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) contract for the batteries is a comprehensive turnkey agreement covering all phases of project development, including design, equipment procurement and delivery, permitting, construction, and commissioning.

The contract also includes training for EPCG personnel

Technical staff training is included to ensure the proper and safe operation of the facilities, as well as to validate their performance in accordance with the contracted terms, which will be mutually confirmed by signing a technical acceptance report.

The EPC covers all technical, engineering, logistical, and construction details, workplace health and safety, environmental protection, and responsibilities for performance guarantees and technical maintenance of the facility, according to the public call.

According to previous announcements, EPCG intends to utilize existing infrastructure for connection to the transmission grid. Potential locations include the 60 MWh hydropower plant Perućica, EPCG’s steel mill Željezara Nikšić with two 60 MWh units, and the 60 MWh Pljevlja thermal power plant.

The first two battery systems will be installed at the Željezara site.

EPCG held talks with several investors

In March, the company announced it had held discussions with several companies and financiers from the region, Europe, and beyond.

EPCG initially announced its intention to install batteries in early September last year. At that time, the EPCG Board of Directors adopted a project task proposal for adding BESS capacities.

According to the project task, EPCG aims to optimize the utilization of all renewable energy sources, alongside numerous new renewable energy projects.

The company plans to secure the flexibility of the power system with energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries, according to EPCG.

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September 5, 2025
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Romania begins overhaul to extend operating life of Cernavodă nuclear reactor by 30 years

An international consortium led by South Korean state-owned Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. (KHNP) has launched an overhaul of a reactor at Romania’s only nuclear power plant, Cernavodă. The refurbishment will extend the operating life of Cernavodă’s Unit 1 by 30 years.

The reactor, with a capacity of around 700 MW, has been in operation since 1996, and its 30-year license is set to expire in 2027. The reconstruction project is valued at about USD 2.01 billion, KHNP said following a groundbreaking ceremony.

Romania’s state-run Nuclearelectrica, the operator of the Cernavodă plant, signed an agreement with the consortium last December. The group of contractors includes KHNP, Canada’s AtkinsRealis, the Canadian Commercial Corporation, and Italy’s Ansaldo Nucleare, according to Romania-Insider.

The works, targeted for completion by 2030, include the complete replacement of the reactor systems and power-generating turbines, as well as the construction of new infrastructure, including radioactive waste storage facilities, said KHNP, a subsidiary of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).

The overhaul is targeted for completion by 2030

KHNP said that four other South Korean firms – Kepco Plant Service & Engineering, Doosan Enerbility, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, and Samsung C&T- will participate as project partners.

At the groundbreaking ceremony, Romanian Minister of Energy Bogdan Ivan said the project would ensure another 30 years of on-grid, environmentally friendly electricity. According to him, it represents the future of Romania’s energy security, accoridng to a report by Profit.ro.

The overhaul will ensure another 30 years of environmentally friendly electricity

Over the last 10 years, Romania has shut down about 56% of its coal- and natural gas-fired capacity, resulting in the country now importing 22% of the electricity it consumes. According to Ivan, this has led Romania to look for alternatives, one of which is nuclear energy.

He recalled that the country was preparing to invest EUR 11 billion in the construction of Units 3 and 4 at the Cernavodă nuclear power plant, adding that “certain phases have already begun.” Ivan also said he believed that in seven years’ time, Romania could become a net exporter of electricity.

The two new reactors would each have a capacity of around 700 MW, according to earlier reports. Cernavodă’s Unit 2, which has been in operation since 2007, also has a capacity of around 700 MW.

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