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July 22, 2014
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Hydropower

Hydropower offers signifi cant potential for carbon emissions reductions. The installed capacity of hydropower by the end of 2008 contributed 16% of worldwide electricity supply, and hydropower remains the largest source of renewable energy in the electricity sector. On a global basis, the technical potential for hydropower is unlikely to constrain further deployment in the near to medium term. Hydropower is technically mature, is often economically competitive with current market energy prices and is already being deployed at a rapid pace. Situated at the crossroads of two major issues for development, water and energy, hydro reservoirs can often deliver services beyond electricity supply. The signifi cant increase in hydropower capacity over the last 10 years is anticipated in many scenarios to continue in the near term (2020) and medium term (2030), with various environmental and social concerns representing perhaps the largest challenges to continued deployment if not carefully managed.

[gview file=”https://info.aea-al.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ch5-Hydropower.pdf” save=”1″]

July 22, 2014
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Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy has the potential to provide long-term, secure base-load energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Accessible geothermal energy from the Earth’s interior supplies heat for direct use and to generate electric energy. Climate change is not expected to have any major impacts on the effectiveness of geothermal energy utilization, but the widespread deployment of geothermal energy could play a meaningful role in mitigating climate change. In electricity applications, the commercialization and use of engineered (or enhanced) geothermal systems (EGS) may play a central role in establishing the size of the contribution of geothermal energy to long-term GHG emissions reductions.

[gview file=”https://info.aea-al.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ch4-Geothermal-Energy.pdf” save=”1″]

July 22, 2014
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Direct Solar Energy

Solar energy is abundant and offers signifi cant potential for near-term (2020) and long-term (2050) climate change mitigation.There are a wide variety of solar technologies of varying maturities that can, in most regions of the world, contribute to a suite of energy services. Even though solar energy generation still only represents a small fraction of total energy consumption, markets for solar technologies are growing rapidly. Much of the desirability of solar technology is its inherently smaller environmental burden and the opportunity it offers for positive social impacts. The cost of solar technologies has been reduced signifi cantly over the past 30 years and technical advances and supportive public policies continue to offer the potential for additional cost reductions. Potential deployment scenarios range widely—from a marginal role of direct solar energy in 2050 to one of the major sources of energy supply. The actual deployment achieved will depend on the degree of continued innovation, cost reductions and supportive public policies.

[gview file=”https://info.aea-al.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ch3-Direct-Solar-Energy.pdf” save=”1″]

July 22, 2014
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Bioenergy

Bioenergy is embedded in complex ways in global biomass systems for food, fodder and fi bre production and for forest products; in wastes and residue management; and in the everyday living of the developing countries’ poor. Bioenergy includes different sets of technologies for applications in various sectors.

[gview file=”https://info.aea-al.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ch2-Bioenergy.pdf” save=”1″]

July 22, 2014
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Renewable Energy and Climate Change

All societies require energy services to meet basic human needs (e.g., lighting, cooking, space comfort, mobility, communication) and to serve productive processes. The quality of energy is important to the development process (Cleveland et al., 1984; Brookes, 2000; Kaufmann, 2004). For development to be sustainable, delivery of energy services needs to be secure and have low environmental impacts. Sustainable social and economic development requires assured and affordable access to the energy resources necessary to provide essential and sustainable energy services. This may mean the application of different strategies at different stages of economic development. To be environmentally benign, energy services must be provided with low environmental impacts, including GHG emissions.

[gview file=”https://info.aea-al.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ch1-Renewable-Energy-and-Climate-Change.pdf” save=”1″]

July 21, 2014
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Sustainable Energy for Albania

The actual energy system in Albania is currently based completely at the hydroenergy. There are enormous doubts on its sustainability, as there are limited generation capacities towards the growing demand. On the other side it is limited with a considerable number of technical and non technical problems related to the net work loss and leading to a multi-year energy crisis. One of the main challenges of the Albanian energy sector is the diversification of the energy sources and the fulfillment of the needs by own country resources, decreasing the import dependence.

[gview file=”https://info.aea-al.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/study_on_assessment_of_res_potentials_in_albania.pdf” save=”1″]