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September 1, 2025
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Energy Traders Europe calls for clear rules before CBAM implementation

Energy Traders Europe has sent proposals to the European Commission on how to ensure that the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism puts a fair price on carbon-intensive electricity imports and facilitates low-carbon flows.

On July 1, the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union launched a public consultation on the potential downstream extension of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), as well as additional anti-circumvention measures and rules for electricity as a CBAM good.

Energy Traders Europe participated in the call for evidence, which was open until August 26. The organization pointed out that the CBAM application to electricity imports shouldn’t start without a thorough impact assessment and a clear legislative framework.

Clarity is urgently needed for contracts for the delivery year 2026

Contracts for the delivery year 2026 are already traded on electricity markets, so clarity about how these will be treated from a customs perspective is urgently needed, the trade association stressed.

In its reaction, Energy Traders Europe argued that the inclusion of electricity imports within the scope of CBAM should respect the principle of proportionality, ensuring that European businesses face no excessive costs or administrative burdens and that a proportionate carbon price is applied.

For the calculation of the carbon price, default emission factors should reflect the actual carbon intensity of the electricity mix imported from a third country, as accurately and as close to real-time as possible.

Therefore, Energy Traders Europe insists that:

  • All generation technologies are taken into account to calculate the emission factor of third countries from which electricity is imported
  • The carbon intensity of electricity imports should be measured with an hourly granularity.

The association also proposes improvements for the utilization of the actual embedded emissions of imported electricity, to reflect the reality of electricity trading:

  • Power purchase agreement (PPA) – The definition should recognise PPAs concluded via intermediaries, such as when a CBAM declarant is reporting via an indirect representative, as well as both physical and virtual PPAs
  • Physical network congestion – Once an importer can prove the hourly matching between electricity production and capacity nomination, and that guarantees of origin (GOs) eventually issued are immediately cancelled, this criterion becomes redundant and hence should be removed
  • Capacity nomination and electricity production – Imports should be reported (and accounted for) based on the hourly confirmed scheduled quantities provided by the TSOs to each market participant, to be linked back to the hourly data of the generation plant underpinning the PPA.

According to Energy Traders Europe, the listed improvements are crucial to ensure that CBAM is fit for purpose for electricity imports, leading to more efficient use of cross-border interconnections between the EU and third countries, preventing renewable curtailments, and promoting the uptake of low-carbon electricity production in third countries.

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September 1, 2025
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Google reveals Gemini AI’s energy and water consumption

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives, but its rapid expansion is raising concerns about how much energy it consumes. Google has become the first tech company to publish a report on the energy consumption, emissions, and water use of its AI software, Gemini.

Google estimates that the median Gemini text prompt uses 0.24 watt-hours (Wh) of energy, emits 0.03 grams of CO2 equivalent, and consumes 0.26 milliliters (or about five drops) of water. “The per-prompt energy impact is equivalent to watching TV for less than nine seconds,” according to a press release from the company.

When applying a non-comprehensive methodology, which only considers the consumption of active TPU and GPU chips, the median Gemini text prompt uses 0.10 Wh of energy, emits 0.02 gCO2e, and consumes 0.12 mL of water.

On the other hand, Google’s comprehensive methodology includes the energy and water consumption of the software itself, the operation of IT equipment in data centers, the energy used by chips while idle, as well as the amount of water used to cool the equipment.

It should be noted, however, that energy consumption depends on multiple factors, including prompt length, the number of users, and the model’s efficiency.

Google’s AI is becoming increasingly efficient thanks to innovations

Google claims that its consumption of energy and water for AI is “substantially lower than many public estimates.” It also stresses that its AI systems are becoming more efficient through research innovations and software and hardware efficiency improvements.

Over a recent 12-month period, the energy and total carbon footprint of the median Gemini Apps text prompt dropped by 33 times and 44 times, respectively, while delivering higher-quality responses, the company claims.

Google has announced that it will continue investing in technologies that reduce per-prompt energy and water use, as well as emissions associated with AI systems. By 2030, the company aims to achieve net-zero emissions and to replenish 120% of the freshwater consumed in its data centers and offices.

However, despite Google’s efforts to reduce emissions, they have soared 51% compared to 2019, driven by the expansion of data center capacities needed for training and running AI models.

By 2030, data centers could be consuming 4.5% of global electricity generation

Data centers are essential for the operation of AI systems, and the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that their total electricity consumption could double by 2026, reaching 1,000 TWh per year, equivalent to Japan’s entire annual electricity use.

According to research firm SemiAnalysis, the expansion of AI could lead to data centers using 4.5% of total global electricity generation by 2030.

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August 30, 2025
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Insa Oil building Bulgaria’s first bioethanol plant

Bulgarian oil company Insa Oil plans to finish its bioethanol plant by the end of 2026. The company claims the plant under construction will be the country’s first to produce renewable fuel from biomass.

The construction of the Insa Spirit plant began in June 2022 and is already in an advanced phase, according to an announcement by Insa Oil. Bioethanol is a renewable fuel produced primarily from grains and often blended with gasoline.

The plant, estimated to cost EUR 56 million, spans about 45,000 square meters. It includes production facilities and a high-tech laboratory.

The biorefinery will produce ethyl alcohol, part of which will be converted into bioethanol for the Bulgarian energy market.

The plant’s capacity is 41,000 liters of ethyl alcohol per day

The plant’s capacity is 41,000 liters of ethyl alcohol per day, the company said, adding that the facility is expected to be operational in the second half of 2026.

Bulgaria has set the minimum required amount of bioethanol to be added to gasoline at 9%. It is regulated by the European Directive on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources and the Renewable Energy Law, which came into force in the first half of this year.

“Our ambition is to turn Bulgaria into a regional factor for bioethanol production. We believe that this investment will be important for our economy and will increase our energy independence, while also taking care of environmental protection,” said Insa Oil manager Georgi Samuilov.

The plant uses technology from India

Following the launch of Insa Spirit, the company plans to develop technologies for second-generation bioethanol produced from biomass.

The technology for the plant was developed by India-based PRAJ.

The equipment was supplied by leading producers such as Bühler Group (Germany), Alfa Laval (Sweden), Bosch (Germany), Siemens (Germany), Hydro-Thermal (USA), and Solar Turbines (USA), according to Insa Oil.

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August 29, 2025
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North Macedonia tackles energy poverty with free inverter air conditioners

North Macedonia’s Ministry of Energy, Mining and Mineral Resources has invited households in energy poverty to apply for free inverter air conditioners and financial aid to help cover electricity bills. The ministry issued two separate public calls under the 2025 program to assist households classified as vulnerable electricity consumers.

Inverter air conditioners (ACs) with a capacity of up to 3.5 kW and an energy class of at least A+, which improve energy efficiency, will be granted to low-income households. The aid includes free installation.

Eligible households are those whose total net monthly income in 2024 did not exceed MKD 25,000 (around EUR 406) for a single-person household, MKD 31,000 (around EUR 504) for a two-person household, MKD 37,000 (around EUR 601) for a three-person household, and MKD 43,000 (around EUR 699) for households with four or more members.

The budget allocated for inverter ACs for low-income households is MKD 120 million (around EUR 1.95 million), according to the public call.

Households whose only source of income is a pension are also eligible for this type of support, provided that in 2024 their monthly pension did not exceed MKD 15,700 (around EUR 255) for a single-person household, MKD 19,800 (around EUR 322) for a two-person household, and MKD 23,700 (around EUR 385) for households with three or more members. The total budget for this group is MKD 50 million (around EUR 813,000).

The overall budget for inverter ACs is around EUR 2.76 million

Households that have received a subsidy for purchasing an AC or a pellet stove in the past five years, and those connected to a district heating system, are not eligible for free inverter ACs, according to the public call. The application deadline is October 5, 2025.

For financial support to cover electricity bills, eligible households include those with one or more members who have severe intellectual disabilities, the most severe physical disabilities, total vision impairment, or complete hearing impairment.

The application deadline for this public call is the end of August 2025.

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August 28, 2025
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Smart meters, wildfires, rising demand push Greek distribution grid investment plan to EUR 4.8 billion

In recent years, Greece has been experiencing extreme weather events, such as wildfires and floods, which have threatened its electricity distribution network.

Due to this new reality, caused by climate change, the Hellenic Electricity Distribution Operator (HEDNO or DEDDIE) has increased its five-year development plan for 2026-2030 to EUR 4.79 billion, around 60% up compared to EUR 3 billion allocated for 2024-2028.

The plan for the 2022-2026 period was EUR 2.2 billion.

The goal is for HEDNO to reinforce the grid against these threats and ensure its pylons do not cause wildfires as easily. Moreover, Greece has been lagging behind the European Union when it comes to smart meter penetration, and it must make fast progress in the coming years.

HEDNO has included a total of 204 projects in the new five-year plan

There is also an increased need for new user connections as a result of rising demand and the ever-present need for connecting new renewable energy plants.

To achieve these goals, HEDNO has included a total of 204 projects in the new five-year plan. Smart meters will cost EUR 1.4 billion, compared to EUR 784 million in the previous plan, so as to address the problem of power theft, which has increased in recent years, and to enable dynamic pricing in the retail market.

More specifically, EUR 195 million will be invested in 2026, followed by EUR 260-270 million in the following three years and EUR 357 million in 2030.

New user connections will cost EUR 800 million

The network reinforcement will cost EUR 991 million (EUR 608 million previously), while EUR 650 million will be spent on replacing existing lines (up from EUR 619 million). This includes projects such as underground power lines and underwater connections, as well as a focus on the protection of forests.

New user connections will cost EUR 800 million to cover the projected demand from industry, ports, data centers, and other consumers. HEDNO’s plan also includes EUR 223 million for the grid control and management.

The operator said that contracting and equipment costs have risen in recent years, affecting the size of the new five-year plan.

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August 28, 2025
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Croatia pauses applications for residential solar subsidies

High interest among Croatian citizens in subsidies for installing solar power plants for self-consumption has prompted the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund to pause the application process.

The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (FZOEU) has announced that it will temporarily close the ongoing public call for incentives to install photovoltaic plants in family homes, which was opened on June 6. In just over two months, about 4,100 project applications have been received and are currently being processed, the FZOEU noted.

By mid-last year, 21,000 rooftop PV systems at households and businesses, with a total capacity of 642 MW, had been connected to the distribution network.

The large number of applications confirms that investing in renewables is a financially sound long-term decision

According to the FZOEU, the financing program encourages citizens to use renewable energy sources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase the energy independence of households.

The strong interest in this program demonstrates that citizens are taking the energy transition more seriously and want to actively participate in producing green energy, the fund claims.

With subsidies, solar installations become more accessible to the general public, and the high volume of applications confirms that investing in renewable energy sources is a financially sound long-term decision for households, FZOEU added.

Citizens can receive up to 50% of eligible costs

Only individuals—owners or co-owners of houses—who had residency at the address at the time the power plant was commissioned were eligible to apply. The fund co-finances facilities installed and commissioned from January 1, 2025, and citizens can receive up to 50% of the eligible costs, or up to EUR 600 per kW of installed power capacity.

Depending on available funds and the success rate of applications, the FZOEU will consider the possibility of relaunching the call for future prosumers.

Over the past two years, the fund has co-financed the installation of around 5,600 rooftop solar power plants in households.

In the first six months of last year alone, households and companies installed 5,504 PV facilities, according to data from Croatia’s distribution system operator, HEP-Operator Distribucijskog Sustava (HEP-ODS).

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