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Greenpeace maps Croatia’s path to 100% renewable power by 2030

Croatia can fully transition to using only renewable electricity by 2030, according to Greenpeace. The organization presented its study: 100% Renewable by 2030 – A Plan for the Green Transition of Croatian Power Sector in the country’s capital Zagreb. Political will is the precondition for materializing the goal, it said.

The study was conducted by an expert team led by Professor Goran Krajačić from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb. Of note, at the end of 2023, the share of electricity produced from renewables in total power consumption in the country exceeded 55%.

Greenpeace Croatia said the climate crisis, fueled by the fossil fuel industry, affects the entire world, including Europe and Croatia. The results are lost human lives and increasing material damage caused by extreme weather conditions, the organization noted.

Its ambitious goal for Croatia, to source all electricity from renewables by 2030, is based on a shift to solar and wind energy, as well as investments in the transmission network. The study puts the necessary solar power capacity at 5 GW, compared to 4.2 GW from wind.

In just five years, Greece, installed 7 GW of solar capacity, and Hungary added 5.5 GW

Greenpeace cites examples from the region. Croatia has five years until 2030, and the same period was enough for Greece to install 7 GW of solar capacity, while Hungary added 5.5 GW. Croatia has only recently reached 1 GW from photovoltaic system, despite ranking among the top countries in Europe in terms of solar potential, Greenpeace said.

According to Professor Goran Krajačić, the results of the study indicate that a firm political decision is needed to achieve 100% renewable electricity consumption in Croatia.

Andrić: A strong shift toward renewable energy is a strategic move for energy security, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, and economic opportunities

“Such a decision should include clear signals toward improving the power system, building and strengthening the grid and ensuring energy storage. Renewables also promote the democratization of society by involving citizens in energy communities to produce, store, and share energy,” Krajačić said.

Petra Andrić, program lead at Greenpeace in Croatia, stressed that a strong shift toward renewable energy as an ecologically sound decision. But it is also a strategic move for strengthening energy security, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and creating economic opportunities, she added.

Calculation: large investments but even greater savings

 

Power generation mix

The authors estimate the costs of building facilities and underwater cables and strengthening cross-border grid capacities at EUR 12.2 billion by 2030. If it were financed through commercial loans at a 5% interest rate with a 25-year repayment period, the annual payment would be EUR 864 million, according to the calculation.

The repayment would be financed from savings and additional revenues, the study revealed.

Savings from allowances for CO2 emissions from electricity production, using 2023 as a reference year with a CO2 price of EUR 83 per ton, would amount to EUR 198 million by 2030.

The presentation of the study also featured a panel discussion

Fuel cost savings for electricity production were estimated at EUR 231.2 million in 2030, and profits from net exported electricity would bring in EUR 360 million.

The savings and profits would cover the annual repayments of loans needed to build the facilities, making them financially viable under commercial terms, the study claimed.

The event also hosted a panel discussion featuring Professor Krajačić, member of the Croatian Parliament Dušica Radojčić, Mario Stipetić (Ministry of Environmental Protection and Green Transition), Davor Škrlec (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing – FER), Melani Furlan (Green Energy Cooperative – ZEZ), and Nina Domazet (Croatian Chamber of Commerce – HGK). It was moderated by Robert Pašičko from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

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European Commission declares Jadar project in Serbia one of its strategic projects for critical raw materials

The European Commission published the list of the first 13 strategic projects for raw materials outside of the European Union. One of them is project Jadar in Serbia. It is the only one for lithium and boron. Notably, it got the strategic status only for extraction, even though Rio Tinto said it would also build a processing plant.

After adopting 47 strategic projects in line with the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) in March, today the European Commission added another 13, for locations outside of the EU’s borders. They include Rio Tinto’s controversial project Jadar in Serbia, for lithium and boron. The aim is to diversify the sources of supply and increase economic security, but alongside strengthening value creation in third countries, according to the update.

“Europe needs raw materials to succeed in our industrial and climate ambitions. The EU requires stable, secure and diversified supply chains,” said the European Commission’s Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy Stéphane Séjourné.

Photo: European Commission

Strategic projects across globe

The first 13 strategic projects outside of the EU are in Canada, Greenland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Serbia, Ukraine, Zambia, New Caledonia, Brazil, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa and the United Kingdom. They require EUR 5.5 billion in total capital investment to start operations, the European Commission said.

Séjourné revealed that investors filed 49 applications.

Project Jadar in western Serbia, near the city of Loznica, is the only one for lithium and boron. Interestingly, the European Commission only endorsed the extraction segment, even though Rio Tinto has said it would build a processing facility as well. According to today’s announcement, the investment aims to contribute to the supply of lithium – battery grade, and boron for metallurgy.

Several waves of mass rallies against project Jadar have been held throughout Serbia

The local population in the Jadar valley, environmentalist organizations and a number of experts have been opposing Rio Tinto for several years now, citing the lack of transparency and the risks for health, nature and agriculture, and especially the potential pollution of water sources. They held several waves of large countrywide protests.

Balkan Green Energy News has published a chronological overview of the key events since 2001, when Rio Tinto arrived in Serbia.

The mining giant is conducting project Jadar through its Serbian subsidiary Rio Sava Exploration.

Most projects are for graphite, cobalt, nickel

Most of the other endeavors entail the extraction and processing of graphite, cobalt and nickel. The remaining ones are for mining tungsten, rare earth elements, manganese and copper. A project conducted both in Greenland and Norway is for the extraction and processing of graphite.

Rare earth elements have a key role in producing high-performance magnets used in wind turbines or electric motors for renewable energy technologies and electromobility. Boron is used in the automotive, renewable energy, aerospace and defence sectors.

Lithium ion batteries are currently the dominant technology in the electricity storage segment, excluding pumped storage hydropower plants. The alkali metal has a range of applications: from consumer electronics and electric vehicles to stationary facilities within renewable power plants or for grid balancing.

The selected projects meet the environmental, social and governance standards stipulated in CRMA, together with technical feasibility, the EU executive said. They are eligible for support by the European Commission, member states and financial institutions, including “contacts with relevant offtakers,” it added.

Kokanović: We continue resistance

Local activist from the Ne damo Jadar group Zlatko Kokanović said the academic community and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) have clearly rejected Rio Tinto’s lithium project. He also claimed that 63.5% of citizens also oppose it, apparently citing results of a recent survey.

The European Commission’s decision doesn’t guarantee environmental standards, Kokanović told Beta news agency. “It is quite hypocritical from a Europe promoting the rule of law, democracy, freedom of speech, a healthy environment and clean air, water and soil. To the detriment of our health and the health of our children, they want to take our lithium and turn us into a waste dump so that they live healthy,” he stated.

There isn’t any such mining project in a densely populated area and on fertile land anywhere in the world, the activist argued. “It is essentially an experimental facility. They don’t have answers to all questions and their main slogan is: ‘We will try to reduce risks’. We now live without risks, we don’t need to reduce them. If an incident happens, they will say that they are acknowledging the mistake, that they will try not to repeat it, and they will apologize. We don’t have anything from it,” Kokanović underscored.

Separately today, he vowed to continue the resistance with all allowed and forbidden and available means. Kokanović resides in the village of Gornje Nedeljice, the site of the proposed mine.

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Montenegro to bring in international partner for HPP Komarnica project

Montenegro’s state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Crne Gore plans to include an international partner in the development of the Komarnica hydropower project. The company cited the experiences of Norway, Austria, and France. The plant, with a proposed capacity of 172 MW, is expected to have an annual production of around 213 GWh.

Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG) has four hydropower plants in the pipeline: Komarnica, Kruševo, Ćehotina, and Sutorina. The Komarnica and Kruševo projects have made the most progress, but challenges remain. Environmental organizations oppose the Komarnica project, while in September last year, President of EPCG’s Board of Directors Milutin Đukanović noted that the project has been on hold for two years.

Importantly, Kruševo and Ćehotina have been mentioned as investments that could be implemented within a partnership with French state-owned power utility EDF.

EPCG now told Vijesti that it has temporarily withdrawn the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the Komarnica project because the Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro set a short deadline to revise it.

EPCG  intends to prepare a study on the project’s impact on Durmitor National Park, a UNESCO site

The plan is to include a renowned international partner, in cooperation with the Government of Montenegro, to ensure transparent and professional project implementation, particularly considering the experiences and best practices of countries like Austria, France, and Norway, according to EPCG, which claimed the three countries have successfully aligned environmental standards with energy development.

In addition to supplementing the EIA report, the company plans to conduct a study on HPP Komarnica’s impact on Durmitor National Park, a UNESCO site, in line with the international organization’s methodology. EPCG also intends to prepare the required environmental studies in a way that would match the rules of one of international financial institutions.

EPCG expressed the belief that, due to the differing views on hydropower plant construction, not only in Montenegro but worldwide, the best solution is to implement the projects together with a reputable international partner, and in cooperation with the government. The utility said it would prove its commitment to transparency and adherence to all European Union standards.

If Austria, France, and Norway could achieve compromise, so can Montenegro

EPCG expects to make a decision on the project and continue the process later this year.

The company pointed out that countries such as Austria, France, and Norway succeeded in finding a compromise between environmental protection, development, and necessary investments. Since they did it, EPCG sees no reason why Montenegro could not do the same in cooperation with companies from these countries.

Turning to the benefits of HPPs, EPCG recalled that they ensure the technical reliability and stability of the power system and integration of a significant number of planned solar power plants and wind farms.

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Turkey-based Çalık Enerji secures financing for Zatriq wind farm in Kosovo*

Çalık Enerji, part of Turkey-based Çalık Holding, obtained EUR 112 million in financing for its 73 MW Zatriq wind power project in Kosovo*.

In a consortium with fellow Turkish company Limak, Çalık Holding took over Kosovo Electricity Supply Company (KESCO) and Electricity Distribution Services in Kosovo (KEDS) in 2013. The conglomerate is expanding to electricity production with a wind farm project. Çalık Enerji closed the financing for the Zatriq facility of 73 MW in planned capacity.

The deal is worth EUR 112 million, according to the company’s legal advisor Watson Farley and Williams. It is Çalık Renewables’ first renewable energy investment outside of Turkey and the first wind project supported by Swiss Export Risk Insurance (SERV), the law firm revealed.

Çalık Enerji secured financing from Helaba bank and Deutsche Bank

Calik Enerji Swiss, Çalık Enerji’s engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) subsidiary, acted as the EPC provider, while the financing was provided to project firm EV Wind Park. The lender is Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale (Helaba), headquartered in Frankfurt.

Zatriq or Zatrić is a village in the municipality of Rahovec-Orahovac. The wind potential at the site is one of the highest in Kosovo*.

Çalık Enerji said it established cooperation with wind turbine manufacturer GE Vernova for the project.

The financing package led by Helaba bank is for the construction period and another 14 years, and there is also a commercial uncovered tranche, the company added. Çalık Enerji said it received equity financing as well, from Deutsche Bank, under Japan’s Nippon Export and Investment Insurance (NEXI).

Çalik and Limak participated in the first solar power auction in Kosovo*. The first wind power auction is underway.

* This designation is without prejudice to positions onstatus and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
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Billot: Balkans is key region for Nordex

This year Nordex Group is celebrating its 40th anniversary as one of the largest wind turbine manufacturers in the world. “We’re number one in Europe and the Balkans is actually a key region for us,” Christopher Billot, Sales Director for the Mediterranean region of Nordex Group, said at Belgrade Energy Forum 2025.

Nordex installed its first N27 turbine with a capacity of 250 kW in 1986, just one year after the company was founded. In 1995, it became the first in the world to start serial production of a megawatt-class turbine. Today, the capacity of its units ranges from 4 MW to 7 MW.

Christopher Billot noted that the company has been manufacturing wind turbines for the last 40 years.

Nordex entered the Balkans 10 years ago

“We’re number one in Europe and the Balkans is actually a key region for us where we focus intensively. We’ve been there for the last 10 years, and so far we have achieved up to 1 GW of wind turbine installation but also construction across Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia,” Billot stated.

Nordex is spreading within the region and that’s key, in his words, for the company and its future in the region and overall.

“We’re happy to be a silver sponsor of the Belgrade Energy Forum. This is for us a great opportunity to network and to basically partner with all the institutions, clients, and continue to grow and build the network for growth in the Balkans,” Billot stressed.

The global company has marked its 40th anniversary at the recently held Belgrade Energy Forum 2025 (BEF 2025), affirming its commitment to the region.

Helping the pioneering steps in renewables development

Nordex installed and contracted an overall 1 GW in Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia, encompassing 222 wind turbines across 16 wind farms. Looking at the company’s portfolio, it can be said that it plays a pioneering role in the development of renewable energy sources in the region.

Here are a few examples.

In November last year, it signed an agreement with Montenegro’s state-owned power utility Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG) for its first wind farm, Gvozd, with a capacity of 54.6 MW. The contract is worth EUR 46.4 million.

A few months earlier, it was announced that Nordex would participate in the expansion of the largest wind farm in Serbia. It received an order for 22 turbines with a total capacity of 154 MW for the Čibuk 2 project. The investors are Masdar and Taaleri SolarWind III Fund.

Nordex was also a partner to Croatian state-owned Hrvatska Elektroprivreda (HEP) in building its first wind power plant. The contract for the delivery of 18 wind turbines with a total capacity of 58 MW for the Korlat wind farm was signed in July 2019.

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Future Green Business conference highlights role of Croatian companies, EU-Africa partnership in climate action

The International Institute for Climate Action (IICA) held its third international Future Green Initiative conference on climate change. The event in Zagreb was dedicated to the role of the business and financial sectors in mitigating climate change. President of IICE Marija Pujo Tadić said Europe wants other states and the main global players to join its ambitious climate targets and action.

Abze Djigma, one of the most prominent African negotiators on the global climate, was a special guest and keynote speaker at the conference. In her words, a just transition isn’t possible without African mineral resources, and Africa is ready to cooperate in the sector, with mutual respect.

Within the trajectory to reaching climate neutrality by the mid-21st century, the EU and its member states intend to determine an intermediate 2040 target of 90% for greenhouse gas emission cuts. It implies a rapid switch to a low-carbon and sustainable economy. The International Institute for Climate Action (IICA) is contributing to the efforts through training, communications and awareness raising for the business and financial sectors and the facilitation of networking.

With its activities, IICA promotes knowledge exchange and strengthening social and personal responsibility toward sustainability. It helps companies adapt their operations and governance to the requirements for stable growth, to tackle the climate crisis.

At its third international conference Future Green Business, the institute gathered Croatian and EU officials and Croatian company executives. The event in Zagreb was titled How the Business and Financial Sector Can Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation (EU & Africa).

Reliable partners are exceptionally important for transition to sustainable economy

President of IICA and Special Advisor-Envoy for Climate Action of the Government of Croatia Marija Pujo Tadić stressed that the conference was a reflection of the recently held 3rd European Union – African Union Ministerial Meeting, which marked 25 years of the partnership. The aim of the event in Zagreb was to highlight the significance of cooperation, particularly in the context of the climate crisis, for the corporate and financial sectors.

The EU is Africa’s biggest trade partner as well as the biggest investor and donor of development and humanitarian aid

“Both continents inevitably have to undergo their path of transforming the economy to a sustainable economy. And on that path, it is exceptionally important to have reliable partners. Europe and Africa are an example with their strong global cooperation of 25 years, directed toward peace, security, governance, prosperity and a human dimension,” Pujo Tadić underscored.

In her view, Africa is EU’s geopolitical priority at a time of increased geopolitical instability. Marija Pujo Tadić recalled that the EU is Africa’s biggest trade partner as well as the biggest investor and donor of development and humanitarian aid.

“Europe remains committed to its climate goals and ambitions and it is calling on other states and the main players to join these ambitious goals and action, and all other countries to meet their national commitments in the runup to COP30 in Brazil,” she asserted.

The conference featured a panel discussion between the representatives of large Croatian companies in the spheres of industrial production, logistics and finance.

Čović Vidović: EU’s Africa policy is no longer developmental but directed toward market-based partnerships

Deputy Head of the European Commission Representation in Croatia and the Head of Press and Media Andrea Čović Vidović said the Council of the EU has just announced that the administration in Brussels and member states mobilized EUR 28.6 billion of international climate finance from public and EUR 7.2 billion from private sources in 2023.

“That support is increasingly targeted not only towards adaptation and mitigation, but towards strategic partnerships, such as with Africa, our very important partner for a sustainable future,” she stated.

The European Commission is spearheading change through legislative initiatives that shape the global climate transition, Čović Vidović stressed. “As for our policy toward Africa, it is no longer developmental. It is aimed at market-based partnerships for mutual benefits. Of course, also for the benefit of the global climate,” she added.

Decisions that political, business leaders make at climate negotiating table affect everyone

A special guest and keynote speaker at the conference was Princess of the Mossi people of Burkina Faso and Co-Chair of the UNFCCC Paris Commitee on Capacity-building Abze Djigma. She has been participating in international climate negotiations for the last two decades.

Abze Djigma highlighted the significance of the concept of just transition. Both political and business leaders need to be aware that their decisions in climate talks affect everyone, and especially that they have the responsibility to improve living conditions, in her words.

At their recent meeting, the European Union and African Union considered the possibilities for cooperation in the critical minerals segment, Abze Djigma noted. A just transition is not possible without African mineral resources, and Africa is ready for cooperation in that field with mutual respect, she underscored.

It is not fair that licenses issued to foreign mining companies enable them to access the international finance market and the billions for their investments, while neither the African countries hosting their projects nor the domestic economy can’t use the asset that way, Abze Djigma asserted. It is why the legal framework needs to include provisions on ownership shares for the government and local firms, so that there are joint opportunities, she explained.

Abze Djigma also promotes empowering youth, the less fortunate and women through, for instance, enabling access to sustainable and affordable energy in rural areas.

Private sector has responsibility but also unique chance to be part of solution

Without systemic and determined action, global temperature will keep growing, with ever more serious consequences for the economy, society and nature, said Croatia’s State Secretary at the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Green Transition Tanja Radić Lakoš.

“The business and financial sectors have the responsibility, but also a unique chance to become part of the solution, with their tools, knowledge and capital. Enterprises that integrate climate change management, climate risks, into the core of their strategies, not only contribute to environmental protection, but become more resilient, more competitive and more attractive to investors,” she asserted.

 Radić Lakoš: Social fairness must be an integral part of the green transition

Radić Lakoš stressed that Croatia would utilize European and national funds for the green transition in a targeted and transparent manner, making sure that no one is left behind.

“Social fairness must be an integral part of the green transition, as it is not a privilege, but the right of all our citizens,” she added and pointed out that the country is eligible for EUR 1.26 billion from the EU’s Social Climate Fund (SCF). Radić Lakoš noted that Croatia is adding EUR 420 million to the sum. SCF is intended for financial support to vulnerable households and enterprises.

The funding contributes to climate objectives through the decarbonization of transportation, improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings and the creation of green jobs.

Croatia getting EUR 1.3 billion by 2030 from proceeds from sales of CO2 certificates

Furthermore, Croatia is receiving the proceeds from the sales of carbon certificates via the Modernisation Fund, Radić Lakoš recalled. The amount allocated to the country until 2030 currently has a market value of EUR 1.3 billion. The funds are intended, among other uses, for the decarbonization of heating systems, energy efficiency measures and low-carbon road transportation.

Another five public calls are envisaged this year, worth an overall EUR 285 million from the Modernisation Fund

So far there were three calls, where 224 beneficiaries were awarded a total of EUR 80 million. There are five more calls envisaged for 2025 and they are worth a combined EUR 285 million, of which part of the support will go through financial instruments, Radić Lakoš added.

In the 20 years since its inception, the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (EPEEF or, in Croatian, FZOEU) conducted almost 60,000 sustainable development and green transition projects, its Director Luka Balen told the audience at the event. “As we can see, climate change is not an issue for the future. It is a matter of everyday life,” he stated.